Introduction: The Importance of Process Management
In modern operating systems, the CPU is a core resource, and its efficient utilization directly impacts system performance. CPU scheduling is a critical technology that manages how multiple processes use CPU resources fairly and efficiently. The goal of process scheduling is to increase CPU utilization, minimize response times, and maximize overall system throughput. Understanding and appropriately utilizing various scheduling algorithms is key to optimizing system performance.
Core Concepts and Principles
CPU scheduling algorithms allocate CPU resources to processes based on various criteria. Key algorithms include First-Come, First-Served (FCFS), Shortest Job First (SJF), Priority Scheduling, and Round Robin (RR). Each algorithm has strengths in specific environments, and the appropriate algorithm should be selected based on system requirements.
First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
This is the simplest scheduling algorithm, allocating the CPU to the process that arrives first. It is easy to implement, but the average waiting time can be long if short processes wait behind long processes.
Shortest Job First (SJF)
This algorithm allocates the CPU to the process with the shortest CPU burst time first. It can minimize the average waiting time, but it is difficult to predict CPU burst times, and long processes may experience starvation.
Priority Scheduling
This algorithm assigns priorities to processes and allocates the CPU to the process with the highest priority first. Low-priority processes may experience starvation, which can be mitigated through aging techniques.
Round Robin (RR)
This algorithm assigns each process the same time quantum, and processes that do not complete their work within the quantum are moved to the back of the ready queue. It is highly fair, but performance can vary depending on the size of the time quantum.
Latest Trends and Changes
Recently, research has been actively conducted to optimize CPU scheduling using AI and Machine Learning (ML) technologies. AI-based scheduling can predict system workload and adjust scheduling policies in real-time to improve performance. In addition, scheduling technologies to resolve resource competition between virtual machines are becoming increasingly important in cloud environments. By 2026, AI is expected to be fully integrated into all aspects of business operations, and the depth of technology utilization and operational maturity will be verified, which will have a significant impact on CPU scheduling.
Practical Application Methods
CPU scheduling algorithms are used in various systems, including operating systems, database management systems, and web servers. For example, deadline scheduling can be used in real-time systems to guarantee task completion times. In addition, priority scheduling can be used in multimedia streaming servers to allocate more CPU resources to important tasks.
Expert Suggestions
💡 Technical Insight
Precautions When Introducing Technology: When selecting a CPU scheduling algorithm, consider the system's requirements and workload characteristics. In addition, monitor the performance of the scheduling algorithm and adjust parameters as needed to maintain optimal performance.
Outlook for the Next 3-5 Years: AI-based CPU scheduling technology will further advance, and resource management technology in cloud environments will become more important. In addition, scheduling algorithms that consider energy efficiency are expected to receive more attention.
Conclusion
CPU scheduling is a critical factor determining operating system performance. Understanding various scheduling algorithms and selecting the appropriate algorithm for the system's requirements is important. With the advancement of AI and Machine Learning (ML) technologies, CPU scheduling will evolve to be more intelligent and efficient. AI-based scheduling is expected to become more widespread by 2026, which will significantly contribute to improving system performance.